POWER EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURES 219 



fuel supply has made the use of steam power imprac- 

 ticable. 



Electrical transmission has rendered possible the ad- 

 vantageous utihzation of water power in several distinctly 

 new forms, such as the large central stations for the distribu- 

 tion of power to numerous plants, as, for example, at Niagara 

 Falls; the use of remote mountain water powers for the opera- 

 tion of single plants, often many miles distant, of which so 

 many notable examples are to be found in the far west; and 

 the more advantageous use of larger streams on the Atlantic 

 coast, usually in closer proximity to the mills, but under con- 

 ditions w^hich would present many difficulties without the use- 

 ful agenc}^ of the electrical current. 



The significant increases in the use of w^ater pow^r are 

 readily accounted for by the growth of certain industries, 

 mainly the manufacture of paper and wood pulp. In the 

 paper and pulp mills in New York, water power was used to 

 the extent of 65,052 horsepower in 1890, and 191,117 horse- 

 power in 1900. This industry alone, therefore, accounts for 

 126,065 horsepower of the increase of 134,661 horsepower in 

 that state from 1890 to 1900. 



In Maine, where the next largest increase took place, 

 the cause was the same, the use of water power in paper and 

 pulp mills having increased from 20,320 horsepower in 1890 

 to 75,839 horsepower in 1900, an increase of 55,519 out of a 

 total increase of 60,744 horsepower. 



In the paper and pulp mills in New Hampshire 38,200 

 horsepower was used in 1900, as compared with 4,405 horse- 

 power in 1890, an increase of 33,795 horsepower, which ac- 

 counted for the major part of the total increase of 43,722 

 horsepower in that state. 



The increase of 28,061 horsepower in the use of w^ater 

 power in Massachusetts from 1890 to 1900 w\as due to the 

 larger use of this power in the paper and cotton industries. 

 In 1890, 29,148 horsepower was reported in paper mills, and 

 44,935 horsepower in 1900, an increase of 15,787 horsepower. 

 In the cotton mills of this state water power to the extent of 

 55,944 horsepower was used in 1890, and 64,158 horsepower 

 in 1900, an increase of 8,214 horsepower. Together these 



