220 



EDWARD H. SANBORN 



industries accoimt for 24,001 horsepower of the total increase 

 of 28,061 horsepower. 



In Wisconsin the entire increase in the use of water power 

 is attributable to the growth of the pulp and paper industry, 

 in which 61,287 horsepower was used in 1900, compared with 

 19,131 horsepower in 1890, an increase of 42,156 horsepower 

 The total increase for the state was 42,166 horsepower. 



In North Carolina, where there was an increase of 25,210 

 horsepower, the conditions were somewhat different. Water 

 power reported in cotton mills increased from 7,959 horse- 

 power in 1890 to 19,225 horsepower in 1900, or 11,266 horse- 

 power. The amomit of water power reported in flour and 

 grist mills in 1890 was 19,874 horsepower, and in 1900, 28,658 

 horsepower, an increase of 8,784 horsepower. The increase 

 in the two industries was 20,050 horsepower out of the total 

 increase of 25,210 horsepower. 



The most notable phase of the application of power to 

 industrial uses is the use of the electric current for the trans- 

 mission and subdivision of power. This form of power trans- 

 mission and distribution is ahnost wholly a development of 

 the past fifteen years, although the principles involved were 

 knowTi and their practical utility demonstrated at a much 

 earlier period. Prior to 1890 the census returns did not state 

 separately the number of motors in use or the amount of elec- 

 tric power utihzed in manufacturing estabhshments, such 

 power being merged in the group of ''other power." 



The development of electric motors in this country has 

 been accompanied by a corresponding development of the 

 art of power transmission. But for the higher perfection of 

 the electric motor since 1890, it may be doubted whether the 

 transmission of electric energy would have been undertaken 

 on anything like so large a scale as w^as witnessed at the close 

 of the century. During the ten years preceding 1890 the 

 development of motors and of power transmission work was 

 chiefly by means of direct current, but the last decade has 

 seen a remarkable change in methods of current generation, 

 enabling the creation of new centers of manufacture around 

 water powers and permitting the transmission of electricity 



