POWER EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURES 229 



8. Greater ease of placing different shops in separate 

 buildings and in locating them according to the strict re- 

 quirements of the work and without regard to the necessities 

 of the motive power. 



9. Greater faciUty in the increase of establishments. 



10. Localization of accidents due to motive power, with 

 consequent less injury to individuals and the stoppage of 

 w^ork only at the point where an individual motor is in- 

 capacitated. 



IL Greater control of the speed of the tools. 



12. A marked increase in the product of any given estab- 

 lishment. 



In signalizing these advantages Professor Crocker divided 

 the application of motors to manufacturing into three classes. 

 The first method consists in connecting the motor directly 

 with the machine. The second consists in the interposition 

 of gearing to reduce or increase speed. The third depends 

 upon the utilization of auxiliary shafting and belting. The 

 cases cited herewith of the application of electric motors 

 come within the range of the points enumerated. 



At the thirty third annual convention of the American 

 Railway Master Mechanics' association in 1900 an elaborate 

 and interesting report was made by a special committee on 

 power transmission by shafting versus electricity for railroad 

 shops. One of the most significant cases cited was that of 

 the Baldwin Locomotive works, where not quite 1,000 horse- 

 power in electric current was utiUzed at the time for power 

 purposes. Electricity was first introduced in the erecting 

 shop for driving two 100 ton cranes, and an immediate sav- 

 ing of 80 men was effected. In the wheel shop the ''common 

 la)3or" force was reduced from 40 men to 6; the time con- 

 sumed in reloading a lathe was cut down from 30 minutes 

 to 5; and the saving in power in that shop was estimated at 

 fully 50 per cent. In the frame shop the laboring force was 

 reduced 60 per cent. The fuel economy, involving a possi- 

 ble reduction of $120 per week, was but one item. The sav- 

 ing on labor was stated at $1,800 per week. The increase in 

 output was large. 



