230 EDWARD H. SANBORN 



The manufacture of paper and wood pulp shows the 

 largest percentage of increase in the amount of power used 

 in 1900 compared with 1890— from 297,724 to 764,847 horse- 

 power, an increase of 467,123, or 156.9 per cent. This in- 

 crease was chiefly in the use of water power, which amounted 

 in 1900 to 504,762 horsepower, compared with 203,896 in 

 1890, a gain of 300,866 during the ten years. In no other 

 industry has there been so large an increase at any time 

 during the thirty years. 



The largest use of power, however, in 1900 was in the 

 manufactures of iron and steel — 1,670,547 horsepower com- 

 pared with 745,824 in 1890, an increase of 924,723, or 124 

 per cent. This is a larger absolute increase than in any other 

 industry. Next to the largest use was in the manufacture 

 of lumber and timber products. For the sawmills of the 

 country there was used in 1900 a total of 1,613,747 horse- 

 power, compared with 961,316 in 1890, a gain of 652,431, or 

 67.9 per cent. This increase was almost wholly in the use 

 of steam, which in 1900 was 1,401,883 horsepower, and in 

 1890, 759,078, an increase of 642,805, or 84.7 per cent. The 

 use of water power in this industr}^ has shown a continuous 

 decrease during the past thirty years, having fallen from 

 326,781 horsepower in 1870 to 200,983 in 1900, or 38.5 per 

 cent. In no other industry of magnitude has there been 

 such a substitution of steam for water power. 



Flouring and grist mills rank next, with 1,016,859 horse- 

 power in 1900, an increase of 264,494 over 1890, or 35.2 per 

 cent. This increase was more largely in steam than in water 

 power, as the former constituted 167,168 horsepower of the 

 increase, while the latter contributed only 67,506 horse- 

 power. 



In the manufacture of cotton goods, in which there has 

 been a large increase in the use of power during the past 

 thirty years, steam has increased far more rapidly than 

 water. From 1890 to 1900 the amount of power increased 

 from 464,881 to 811,347 horsepower, a gain of 346,466, or 

 74.5 per cent. In this increase steam figured to the extent 

 of 266,102 horsepower, while water represented 52,868 horse- 

 power „ The large increase from 1890 to 1900 in other forms 



