MEDICINE IN AMERICA 407 



shortly added Adam Kiihn, professor of materia medica and 

 botany, and Benjamin Rush, professor of chemistry. In June 

 of 1771 there returned for the doctor's degree, four men who 

 had been graduated bachelors of medicine in 1768: Jonathan 

 Elmer, Jonathan Potts, James Tilton and Nicholas Way — the 

 first doctors of medicine graduating in Philadelphia. Though 

 Philadelphia thus established the first medical school and 

 granted the first degrees of B. M. it was the medical school of 

 New York, established in 1768 and granting the B. M. in 1769, 

 that bestowed the first doctor's degree granted on this con- 

 tinent upon Robert Tucker in 1770. The first struggle of the 

 Revolution disrupted the faculty of the Philadelphia school 

 and later the new university was the favorite of the patriots. 

 After the war was over, through the efforts of Benjamin Frank- 

 lin the charter was restored to the college, the old professors 

 reinstated and finally the two schools were united under the 

 title of the University of Pennsylvania, w^hich still lives. In 

 New York at this time, Dr. John Bard was a truly eminent 

 man, and proved himself our earliest efficient quarantine 

 officer. He was the first president of the New York medical 

 society and the father of an even more distinguished son, Sam- 

 uel Bard. With the single exception of Benjamin Rush, Dr. 

 Samuel Bard was the most eminent American physician of 

 his time. During his long life his services to American med- 

 icine were of the greatest value. Among them perhaps the 

 most notable w^as the founding of the medical school and hos- 

 pital in New York, and his efi"orts were unwearied through 

 more than forty years to foster and promote medical education. 

 Among those who aided him to establish the medical school of 

 King's college in 1768, were Samuel Clossy, professor of anat- 

 omy, John Jones, who held the chair of surgery; Peter Middle- 

 ton, professor of phj^siology and patholog}'; James Smith, 

 chemistry and materia medica; John V. B. Tonnant, midwifery ; 

 Bard taking the chair of theory and practice of ph3\sic. In 

 connection with the founding of the two schools of Philadelphia 

 and New York, it is of interest to note that great stress was 

 placed upon the value of a Inroad preliminary education — an 

 equipment which we are onl}^ of late years beginning to de- 

 mand of our matriculants. The few conspicuous men whom 



