414 TWING B. WIGGINS 



Dewees, Samuel Jackson, J. W. Mitchell, John Bell, H. L. 

 Hodge, and most notable of all, W. W. Gerhard. Gerhard was 

 the first man to distinguish clearly the difference between 

 typhus and typhoid fever and the merit of having demon- 

 strated this difference belongs to him and so honors American 

 medicine. Much might be said of John W. Francis, of New 

 York, and of Wm. Gibson, of Baltimore and Philadelphia, both 

 distinguished contemporaries of Chapman and men who shed 

 a luster upon medicine and were able and brilliant practitioners 

 and teachers. James Jackson, of Boston, left behind him the 

 name of the ''beloved physician, " and though a man of action 

 and of brains, will be longest remembered as a healer of the 

 sick. He left his knowledge of the subject in a collection called 

 "Letters to a Young Physician just entering Practice," which 

 for years were the vade mecum to every New England prac- 

 titioner. With J. C. Warren he was one of the founders of the 

 Massachusetts general hospital and reorganized the Mass- 

 achusetts Medical society. His son, Joseph Jackson, Jr., was 

 a most brilliant j^oung man, and his early death was a sad blow 

 to his father and a distinct loss to the profession. During this 

 period in the east, Daniel Drake was a splendid example of 

 that western type which built up a great empire out of the 

 wilderness. A self educated man, he developed in middle life 

 into a man of broad culture, a scientific writer well known in 

 Europe, a famous teacher, a man who impressed thousands of 

 men in our middle west in his day. He taught medicine in the 

 schools of Cincinnati, Lexington, Louisville, and Philadelphia, 

 founded and edited several medical journals, and wrote a great 

 work, entitled "Diseases of the Interior Valley of North Amer- 

 ica." 



We now come to the crowning glory of American medicine, 

 the discovery of ether. Many wandering lecturers throughout 

 the country had brought the attention of the public to the 

 intoxicant effects of inhaling ether, especially in the state of 

 Georgia in 1842. Clifford W. Long, a young doctor living at 

 Jefferson, Jackson county, Georgia, had his attention called 

 to the ether frolic of the young people as they often finished the 

 evening by inhaling ether. Some would laugh, some cry, fight, 

 or dance. On one occasion they caught a negro boy peeping 



