74 LEE K. FRANKEL 



ditions that they may become independent. They must be 

 located in communities and in surroundings where indus- 

 trial competition is not so fierce that they can not, even 

 with the best of effort, earn living wages; where it will not be 

 necessary for relief organizations to expend a greater portion 

 of their energy in supplementing insufficient earnings; where 

 housing and living conditions are not of such a kind as to ag- 

 gravate the trouble instead of improving it; where the wage- 

 earner may have a chance to rear a home in the true sense of 

 the word, to educate his children, to breathe fresh air and to 

 live under sound sanitary conditions. There is one way to 

 accomplish the above, — by the removal of large bodies of 

 wage earners with their families to other cities, and in particu- 

 lar to towns throughout the United States. 



Two years ago the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid 

 society of New York city undertook to distribute Jewish 

 residents of New York city, who were willing to go, to other 

 places in the United States, where work had previously been 

 found for them. In the first year the society sent out 1,800 

 persons, in the second year 3,200 persons. The plan of the 

 society is to find industrial positions anywhere in the 

 United States, and having found them, to obtain individuals 

 able to fill them from New York and other large cities Hke 

 Philadelphia, Chicago and Boston. In order to carry on the 

 work as effectively as possible, the society cooperates with the 

 independent order B'nai B'rith, which has lodges distributed 

 throughout many of the smaller towns and communities in 

 the United States, and with the benevolent organizations and 

 societies represented in the National Conference of Jewish 

 charities. It has an office in New York city known as the 

 industrial removal office, which is the center of the activities 

 of the society. From here all applicants who desire to leave 

 the city are sent away, provided with the necessary transpor- 

 tation and with the guarantee that provision will be made for 

 them at their destination until such time as they become full 

 fledged wage earners. Should conditions require it, it is not 

 uncommon for the society to send the wage earner in advance 

 and to make provision for the care of the family remaining 

 here through the United Hebrew charities. As soon as the 



