CITY LIFE, CRIME AND POVERTY 129 



cent of the population within, these cities is of forei<2;n paren- 

 tage. The census enumeration carries us back only to the 

 parents; but if we had knowlo(l<i;o of the grandparents we 

 should prol)ably find that the innnigrant element of the nine- 

 teenth century' contributed a goodly portion of those set down 

 as of native parentage. 



Still more significant becomes the comparison when we 

 take each of these cities separately. 



Here it appears that the extreme is reached in the textile 

 manufacturing city of Fall River, where but 14 per cent of the 

 po[)ulation is of native extraction, while in the two greatest 

 cities, New York and Chicago, the proportion is 21 per cent, 

 and the only large cities with a predominance of the native 

 element are St. Joseph, Columbus, Indianapolis and Kansas 

 City, with Denver equally divided. As already stated, grand- 

 parents would still further diminish the native element. 



If we carry our comparison down to the 160 cities of 25,- 

 000 population we shall find that in such cities is one half of the 

 foreign bom population, and we shall also see marked differ- 

 ences among the races. At one extreme, three fourths of 

 those born in Russia, mainly Jews, live in these principal cities, 

 and at the other extreme, one fifth of the Norwegians. The 

 other Scandinavian countries and the Welsh and Swiss have 

 about one third; while the English and Scotch are two fifths, 

 Germany, Austria, Bohemia and Poland, one half to three 

 fifths, Ireland and Italy nearlv two thirds. 



Individual cities suggest striking comparisons. In New 

 York the census shows 785,000 persons of German descent, a 

 number equal to nearly one half the population of Berlin, and 

 larger than that of any other German city, and larger even 

 than the native element in New York (737,477). New York 

 has nearly twice as many Irish (710,510) as Dublin, nearly as 

 many Jews as Warsaw, half as many Italians as Rome, and 

 50,000 to 150,000 first and second generations from Scotland, 

 Himgary, Poland, Austria and England. Chicago has more 

 Germans than Dresden, one third as many Bohemians as 

 Prague, one half as many Irish as Belfast, one half as many 

 Scandinavians as Stockholm. 



This influx of population to our cities, the most character- 



Vol, 10—9 



