138 JOHN R. COMMONS 



year, it is marvelous that the Italians of Chicago, during the 

 late period of depression, were not thrown in great numbers 

 upon public relief. Yet, with the strict administration of the 

 exclusion laws, leading to the deportation of over 2,000 Italians 

 in 1903 as liable to become public charges, it is Hkely that the 

 immigrants of that race, although low in poverty and 

 standard of hving, are fairly well screened of actual paupers. 



