POOR RELIEF IN THE UNITED STATES 173 



established, in which the central l)()ar(l of the association was 

 represented. In the report the assistance of immij];ration 

 authorities is praised. To the efforts of the association was 

 due the chan<!;e of classification of Jewish immigrants; while up 

 to 1898 they had been classified by confession, from that time 

 they have been classified like other immigrants, according to 

 the place of their ori<z;in. 



As in iMigland, though not to the same extent, the work of 

 the Salvation Army has been developed in America, and has 

 found even more favorable conditions, because there is no 

 state church, and the religious and sectarian activities have a 

 free field. The organizer and leader of the movement in 

 America is Booth Tucker, son-in-law of the general. In all 

 there are IGO organizations of the Salvation Army, among 

 which are children's as^'lums, homes for women and girls, 

 lying-hi homes, public kitchens, employment bureaus, homes 

 for discharged prisoners, nursing, workmen's colonies and 

 \vinter relief ; and every where the tendency is not to support, 

 but to aid, to call forth all the powers and capacity of the per- 

 son who is in want and assist him to regain his independence. 

 The principle is held that all help offered must be paid for, so 

 far as possible, in money or w^ork. Noteworth}" are the three 

 agricultural colonies established in Colorado, California, and 

 Ohio, on which thirty buildings have been erected, and where 

 a])Out two hundred men and women have been settled, and of 

 whom the greater number have obtained independent homes. 

 In America, as in Europe, the current sets tow^ard the cities, 

 most of all to the largest, and countless unemployed are massed 

 there, while there are far more places in agriculture than can be 

 filled. A singular enterprise is the sending of poor families, 

 who otherwise could never breathe pure air to the country. 

 In this division of the army work, outings by w^ater or land are 

 provided, and frequently street car companies furnish free 

 transportation. The work out of which the entire service of 

 the Salvation Army has grown — ^work in the worst quarters of 

 the great cities — is carried on in the great cities of America 

 with splendid and untiring devotion. It is conducted by 

 women, and even more by young girls, who fearlessly venture 

 into these quarters, and in spite of all failures, all scorn and 



