174 EMIL MUNSTERBERG 



threats, and actual danger to life, give themselves to the most 

 wretched classes of beggars, drunkards, harlots, and criminals, 

 in order to aid them, with patience, forbearance, and goodness, 

 to uprightness. These girls live in the neighborhood of their 

 work, clothe themselves in a modest way, and are, after a 

 time, we are assured, entirely safe under the protection of the 

 whole population of the district, where they can go about freely 

 and without peril. Granted that the success in comparison 

 with the great multitude is small: as examples of personal 

 devotion and of capacity to awaken again, even in the outcast, 

 the little spark of human feeling, these heroines of the Salva- 

 tion Army are unsurpassed. 



The work of the army goes beyond the boundaries of that 

 which we are accustomed to call private charity, and ap- 

 proaches, especially in the last mentioned activity, that which 

 is called, after the English example, a settlement. The move- 

 ment has gained in importance and extent during recent years. 

 The principal effort is not in the direction of private charity, 

 but the furtherance of social convictions, the elevation of the 

 condition of the less fortunate classes, and the creation of 

 means of recreation, etc. No form of work which can be useful 

 is alien to the settlements ; and so they have care of children in 

 kindergartens and nurseries, care for youths, provision for 

 sports, play grounds, clubs and places of recreation. The 

 chief feature of the work is that persons who are disposed to 

 render such service reside in the neighborhood which they 

 wish to serve, and pursue the purposes of the settlements by 

 working, not only on the people, but, above all, with them. 

 During recent years the movement has gained in solidity and 

 clearness of purpose. In the report which the college settle- 

 ments association issued for 1900 there is an explanation of the 

 work from its beginning, and of the views with which the pi- 

 oneers of the movement undertook the enterprise. These 

 persons not only wished to work together with the poorer 

 classes, but also in a spirit of devotion to leave behind them 

 a good part of their former comforts, to live more simply, and 

 to set a good example. There has been a complete change. 

 The helpful disposition remains, but the purpose of identifying 

 themselves almost entirely with the life and conditions of the 



