I 8 MAN, THE ANIMAL 



spongioplasm, reticulum, filar substances, etc., are 

 used to describe the meshwork. Filling in the 

 meshes there is a structureless sap-like substance. 

 For some cells and for certain phases of cell 

 activity the fibrillar theory adequately describes 

 the structural conditions of the protoplasm. 



b. The Alveolar Theory of Butschli. — This 

 theory assumes that protoplasm consists of two 

 fluids, one suspended in the other. The fluid that 

 is suspended is made up of numerous minute drops 

 which give the appearance of closed chambers or 

 alveoli. The containing fluid is continuous and 

 occurs between these minute alveoli. By mixing 

 rancid oil with sodium carbonate a solution is pro- 

 duced that imitates very closely the appearance of 

 protoplasm. 



J. The Law Governing the Relation of Life to 

 the Living Body — is that life does not reside in 

 any one structure in the body of plants, animal or 

 man but is present in all of the parts. It cannot 

 be measured, photographed or weighed. Even a 

 child can tell a dead animal from a live one, but 

 no one can isolate that which makes an organic 

 being living. This general diffused, immaterial 

 condition, life, may be driven from the organism 

 by a multitude of causes and leave all of the parts 

 intact as when life was present — in some instances 

 the several parts may remain alive for hours or 

 days after life has departed. This is well illus- 



