190 



MAN, THE ANIMAL 



just as specific in their relations as these are In 

 theirs. (Fig. 56.) 



All of the elementary reactions of vertebrates 

 are carried on by fishes, frogs or snakes although 



Figure 56. Outline of the cerebral hemisphere from the side 

 showing some of the areas where certain mental activities occur 

 on the surface. This is usually spoken of as localization. It 

 really means that the nervous pathway or tracts over which 

 certain activities, such as those which control the muscles of 

 foot or jaws or visual speech, have some of the nerve cells lo- 

 cated on the surface of the brain at the place indicated. An 

 electrical stimulus can be applied to these cells and a definite 

 response secured. From Starr's Nervous and Mental Diseases. 



none of them possesses that portion of the brain 

 known as cerebrum or "new brain." If it can 

 be said that such animals acquire habits and learn, 

 then it is evident that the cerebrum is not neces- 



