196 MANUAL OF MODERN FARRIERY. 



/ The medulla oblongata, a prolongation of the brain after tho 

 marrow-like substance of the cerebrum and cerebellum have 

 united, and forming the commencement of the spinal marrow. 

 This portion has a ropy appearance. 



71. The point of the atlas bone which sustains or carries the 

 first bone of the neck. 



0. The first bone of the neck. 



p. The dentata, or tooth-shaped bone, the second bone of the 

 vertebra] column, 



</. The cartilage covering the entrance into the eustachian tube, 

 or communication between the mouth and internal part of 

 the ear. 



r. The spinal marrow, extending through a canal in the centre 



of the bones of the neck, back, and loins, to the extremities 



of the tail, and from which the nerves of feeling and of 



motion which supply every part of the frame arise. 



s, s The septum-nasi, or cartilaginous division between the nostrils. 



When the nostril is opened, the membrane bj which the 

 cartilage and whole cavity of the nose is lined is seen. By 

 the colour of this membrane, much more than by the lining 

 of the eyelids, we may judge of the degree of fever, and 

 especially of inflammation of the lungs or any of the air- 

 passages. We also determine by the ulcerations which are 

 seen on this membrane, the existence of glanders. This 

 cavity on both sides is occupied by two bones, which, in 

 consequence of being rolled up in the form of a turban, are 

 called the turbinated bones. 



t, t The septum-nasi, cut off at the lower part to exhibit the 

 spongy turbinated or turban-shaped bones, filling the cavity 

 of the nostrils. Part of tlie cartilage is removed to display 

 them. They are as thin as gauze, and, like it, perforated 

 into a thousand holes. Between them are left sufficient 

 passages for the air. 



If these gauze-like membranes were unrolled, they would 

 present a very considerable surface. On every part of them 

 there is spread the pulpy substance of the olfactory, or first 

 pair of nerves, and are the organs of smell. The design of 



