AND FENCES. 59 



that may be produced from the same trees by permitting the main 

 stems to keep their upright direction, and forming the arch by en- 

 couraging and uniting the growth of the inner branches at the 

 proper height. Where evergreens are FIG 



to be planted for this purpose, the 

 fence should curve inwards to the 

 gate, as shown by the transverse sec- 

 tion (Fig. 1 6), so that trees designed 

 to form the arch can be planted on 

 a line with the posts, and two or three feet from them. All this 

 topiary work may be a substitute for expensive gateways, or it 

 may, with equal propriety, be introduced as an accessory deco- 

 ration, where the posts are not of a massive, or highly ornate 

 character. In the latter case, whatever beauty of design and 

 workmanship has been wrought out in stone should not be delib- 

 erately concealed by such forms of verdure. 



