422 DECIDUOUS TREES. 



soms in the neighborhood of staminate trees. But the beauty of 

 the tree itself is sufficient, though it have neither flowers nor fruit. 

 The short strong thorns which make a part of its value as a hedge 

 plant, are not liable to drop off like those of the honey locust, 

 until they are blunted by age, and then, from their small size, drop 

 into the lawn where they are harmless. 



It is recommended, when the tree is young, to cut back its 

 leading shoots one-third or one-half for several years, to prevent 

 the head from sprawling to one side or the other before the roots 

 and trunk have sufficient strength to maintain a vertical position. 



In a deep, good soil, the Osage orange will become a spreading 

 tree about twenty-five feet high, and thirty feet broad, in ten years 

 after planting. 



Nurserymen dislike to grow the Osage orange except for hedge 

 plants, because, after the plants have made one year's growth, their 

 vigor is so rampant that they become unmanageable in nursery 

 rows. Purchasers must therefore buy hedge-plants to set out for 

 trees j and their growth will be all the better for the necessity of 

 choosing small plants. 



THE JAPAN OSAGE ORANGE. Madura tricuspidata. A new 

 orange of the Madura family has recently been introduced from 

 France, which is described as a shrubby bush, very branchy and 

 thorny, with shining, leathery, three-lobed leaves. 



THE KOLREUTERIA. Kolreuteria paniculata. 



This is a hardy tree, native of the north of China, introduced 

 into England in 1763, long cultivated in the United States, and 

 yet but little known. It forms a low, umbelliferous head. The 

 leaves are pinnate, composed of from five to eleven leaflets of small 

 size and oak-like shape. The foliage grows mostly on the outer 

 ends of the branches, so that the tree when full grown is quite bare 

 of leaves on the inside, but a thick mass of feathery and very warm- 

 toned foliage on the crown. The flowers are yellow, very showy 

 being borne in long terminal panicles in July. The leaves turn to 



