EVERGREEN TREES AND SHRUBS. 527 



color ; by which feature alone this species can be distinguished at 

 a considerable distance in the fall and spring. The annual growth 

 in strong soils is about three feet a year. 



Josiah Hoopes, in his valuable Book of Evergreens, observes 

 that "where the soil is retentive of moisture, and consequently be- 

 comes sour and soddened, he has seen this species succeeding 

 moderately well, while the white pine, planted in the same situa- 

 tion, died outright." This remark gives the key to the use of the 

 two species the white pine being the most beautiful of hardy pines 

 in sandy or well-drained loams, and the Austrian pine equally su- 

 perior in compacter soils. Both should be fully exposed on all 

 sides to the sun to develop their best beauty. 



There is much difference among seedling Austrian pines in 

 their mode of growth, some being much longer jointed and more 

 rigid than others. A nurseryman skilled in observing such things 

 can often select trees that will display most of the beauties and 

 none of the conspicuous coarse growth of the usual form. In Ell- 

 wanger & Barry's specimen ground at Rochester, is a seedling of 

 theirs, of such spreading habit and short growth at the top that, but 

 for the brightness of its color, it might easily be mistaken by its 

 form for a large dwarf mountain pine, though the masses of its long 

 leaves are finer than the latter ever forms. The variety is worth 

 propagating from, and we suggest that, as the species is a German 

 tree, the variety take the name of the Ellwanger Austrian pine. 

 It is a much better form for ordinary home-grounds than the usual 

 type ; but the latter, by heading back its long shoots when too 

 gross, will present a similar appearance. 



There is a variegated-leaved variety not yet, we believe, grown 

 in this country. 



THE SCOTCH PINE. Pinus sylvestris. The Scotch pine is indi- 

 genous throughout middle and northern Europe, and takes the 

 same rank among pine trees in Great Britain as the oak among 

 deciduous trees. It is the most useful for timber, and adapts itself 

 to a greater variety of park uses than any other. Its spreading 

 habit, sometimes so free in outline, and well broken by shadows as 

 to rank among grand trees, and in other localities developing into 



