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many reasons that individuals knew 

 nothing of. I knew none at that time : 

 but I know a very substantial one now. 

 The gold coin in England requires that 

 great care should be taken of it : I have 

 observed, since I came into this country, 

 that the English guinea has a small piece cut 

 from it: that is, I suppose, with an intention 

 to keep it in this country, and never let 

 it go to England again. There are un- 

 doubtedly two arts in that : the one, that 

 there are one or two shillings cut from 

 every English guinea ; and another is, that 

 the part remaining pays for twenty-one 

 shillings sterling." That this is a common 

 practice appears certain from the following 

 fact : Wanting cash to bring me to Eng- 

 land, and being in habits of great friendship 

 with the cashier of the Baltimore Bank, I 

 applied to him for English money for their 

 own bills ; he said he would give me all 

 the gold he had, which was nine guineas, 

 every one of which had a small piece 

 cut off. Therefore by that means every 



