11 



in a regular series of types consisting of condensed molecules of hydrogen, 

 according to the suggestion originally made by HUNT. In the following table, 

 containing several new types, the condensed hydrogen molecules are connected 

 with the types of substantially the same significance by the mathematical 

 symbol of equivalency. Atoms in brackets in the first series are replaced by 

 other atoms in the second. 



It is evident that the so-called " atomicity" does not prevent the union of 

 atoms in a regular progressive series of ratios. In such cases, the atom-holding 

 energy has different degrees of development as the result of the reflex influence 

 of combination. Apparent abnormal action, for instance in the case of I a 7 , 

 eveet, may be accounted for by supposing an even number of atoms of oxygen, 

 6 , in alternately opposite polar conditions, to be united with I 2 0. When mer- 

 cury and chlorine form calomel, mercamad, the anomaly is explained by the 

 fact that the volume of the compound corresponds with that of a molecule of 

 hydrogen ; thus in this, as well as the case of the hydride of copper, cupamal, 

 a dyad metal plays the part of a monad. 



The new names of acids and salts, of simple as well as intricate construc- 

 tions, are so framed that they may readily be resolved into syllables expressing 

 their typical relations. This is accomplished by making the replaceable hydro- 

 gen of an acid the prefix which determines the type on which the compound 

 is constructed, as explained previously in speaking of acetic acid. The typical 

 name of an acid or salt embraces, in fact, three terms; the first consists of the 

 replaceable hydrogen, the second is another portion of the compound of equal 

 equivalence to the first, and the remaining oxygen atoms will constitute a third 

 term having the atomic equivalence of the first and second terms combined. 

 In chemical reactions, the second and third terms generally remain unchanged, 

 and may therefore be included as one name, and the whole name may be said 

 to represent the combination of a radical with a torso. Examples ; 



Nitric acid, 

 Sulphuric acid, 

 Phosphoric acid, 



"monatomic' 



"biatomic" 



"triatomic" 



[al'-anet']at" = alanit. 

 [el"-aset /; ]et iv = elasot. 

 [il'"-apt /y/ ]it v i = ilapot. 



The halogens are powerful electro-negative elements. Having the best struc- 



