10 



In representing the most important bodies formed by the replacement of 

 one or more atoms of hydrogen by one or more monad radicals, the change 

 consists, as will presently be shown, simply in substituting for al the name of 

 a radical ending with al. The different views of chemists respecting the typical 

 form of the same body may be distinctly illustrated by the new characters ; 

 take for example, acetic acid, C 4 H 4 4 = C 2 H 4 2 . KOLBE'S carbonic-acid type, 

 being essentially the same as the water type, is omitted, and the so-called 

 radical type is added in the following table : 



FRANKLAND & DUPPA. 



Cal 



ar < al 



(al 



ar 



alt 1 . 



The empirical name echet is the second in a series of which acket (formic 

 acid) is the first; ichet (propy lie acid), the third; ochet (buty lie acid), the 

 fourth; uchet (amylic acid ), the fifth; and so on to the highest or most con- 

 densed molecule weuchet (melissic acid), represented in the old notation by 

 HOC 60 H 59 3 , and in the new by C 30 H 60 2 . These short and simple names, 

 formed by changes in the first syllable, represent these acids as the result of 

 successive additions of ach (CHJ ; but they cannot be made available in illu- 

 strating the changes which occur when an atom of hydrogen is replaced by a 

 metal or a radical. The other empirical name maybe used by those who prefer 

 to express no opinion as to the actual constitution of the acid. To carry out 

 this view, the replaceable atom of hydrogen in the acid may form the first 

 syllable, and the remaining syllables will be the terminal of the acetates formed 

 by monad metals, e.g. acetic acid, alilert ; acetate of potash, Kalmilert. The 

 terminal syllables must be doubled in value, to denote acetates of dyad me- 

 tals; for example, acetate of lead, Plubmealort . In consideration of the ex- 

 istence of numerous important bodies, into the construction of which an acid- 

 forming radical of this series enters, it has been found most desirable to 

 designate the acids by names which bring the radical more clearly to view. 

 Preference is therefore given to those which are readily resolved into the water 

 or dyad type ; thus, acetic acid, as alartachalt or lartachalt, is easily separated 

 into syllables which reveal its typical structure [al-artachal]at. When al is 

 replaced by a monad metal, the typical form is still apparent [am-artackal]at. 

 An atom of a dyad metal replaces the hydrogen atom in two molecules of acid : 

 therefore the torso artachalt is doubled, which is indicated by the suffix e 

 having the sound of eh, thus, artachalte. In the sesquiacetates, the double- 

 torso artachalte is trebled, and indicated by the suffix ea = 6; for example, 

 the acetate of alumina =~ A1 2 C 12 H 18 12 , is Alem-artachaltea. 



All the types previously enumerated maybe regarded as subtypes, embraced 



