INTRODUCTION. 



ing pages may be perfectly understood, I give the subjoined 

 cuts, illustrating and explaining them : 



E D C B 



A represents the primary quills, usually called primaries. 



B represents the secondary quills, usually called secondaries. 



C spurious wing. 



I) wing coverts. 



E tertiary quills, usually called tertiaries. 



F represents the throat. 



G is the upper part of the throat, called the jugulum. 



H is the bill or beak : this is divided into two parts, called the upper 



and lower mandibles. 

 I is the frons, or forehead: feathers at this point are called frontal 



feathers. 



J is the crown : feathers here are called coronal feathers, and occipital. 

 K represents the scapular feathers. 



L is the back : feathers here are sometimes called interscapular. 

 M represents the tarsus : called shank or leg sometimes. 

 N is the abdomen. 

 O is the rump. 



P shows the upper tail coverts. 

 Q indicates the position of the lower tail coverts. 



