THE NEW FORESTRY. 



75 



cultural Notes," in his " Manual of Forestry," vol. ii., gives the 

 elevations at which they grow more or less successfully : 



SPECIES. 



Beech ,200 feet, 



Hornbeam ,200 



Oak ,500 



Ash ,350 



Elm ,500 



Sweet Chestnut ... 2, 800 



Sycamore 5 ,000 



Alder 1,600 



Birch 2,500 



Poplar 1,600 



Lime 2,800 



Hazel 1,900 



Silver Fir 2,500 



Norway Spruce . . .6,000 



Scotch Fir 2,200 



Austrian Fir 4,500 



Weymouth Pine....4,ooo 

 Larch 2,000 



ELEVATION. 



Derbyshire. 4,500 feet, Alps. 



Hartz. 3,000 Alps. 



England. 1,350 Highlands. 



Yorkshire. 4,000 Alps. 



Derbyshire. 4,000 Alps. 



Alps. 



Alps. 



Highlands. 4,000 Alps. 



Scotland. 5,000 Alps. 



Yorkshire. ' 



Tyrol. 



Highlands. 



Central Germany. 



Alps. 3,ooo Norway. 



Britain. 6,000 Alps. 



Alps. 



Alps. 



Scotland. 3,000 to 6,000 ft, Alps. 



We know a good portion of the high-lying portions of 

 Yorkshire, Lancashire and Derbyshire, and Scotland, where 

 there are woods, and do not regard the above figures as 

 extremes, if one may judge by the behaviour of such species as 

 the oak, ash, beech, chestnut, sycamore, birch, Scotch fir, spruce, 

 and others. If any of these species be found attaining to the 

 size of timber-trees at elevations approaching those given in 

 the foregoing table, they may be expected to succeed higher 

 up still in plantations. Take the oak, for example, which 

 in the past has not been regarded as a tree likely to succeed 

 either at a great elevation or in a poor soil. Yet, fifteen 

 hundred feet in England and thirteen hundred and fifty feet 

 in Scotland are the limits of its distribution, as regards eleva- 

 tion, which may surprise some foresters ; but we ourselves 

 know of oak plantations at elevations over one thousand feet 

 in Yorkshire on the thinnest and poorest soils. In 1887 we 

 sold one hundred and seventeen trees, the last of an old wood 

 standing at this elevation, and the trees averaged about sixty 

 cubic feet each the largest reaching one hundred and seventy 

 feet At the same elevation, or a little higher, are younger 

 plantations from forty to eighty years of age, of oak, birch, 



