THE NEW FORESTRY. 131 



CHAPTER XL 



RAISING PLANTATIONS BY SOWING 

 AND PLANTING. 



Forest Tree Seeds. Sources of Supply. Collecting. Storage. Germination. 

 Sowing Methods of Sowing. Planting. Size and Age of Plants. 

 Nursery Preparation. The Wrong Way. The Right Way. Final Trans- 

 planting. Notch Planting. Pit Planting. Dibber and Trowel Planting. 

 Tending. Cost of Planting. Planting uneven-aged Woods. Extending 

 Plantations from Thinnings. Transplanting Large Trees. Sea-side 

 Planting. 



SECTION I. FOREST TREE SEEDS. 



FOR the portion of this chapter devoted to sources of supply, 

 collecting, storing, and germination, etc., we are indebted to 

 the able paper on " Forest Tree Seeds," delivered by Mr. W. 

 H. Massie (of the well-known firm of Messrs. Dickson & Co., 

 seedsmen and nurserymen, Edinburgh), to foresters and 

 gardeners, at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, in 1895. 

 The subject embraced under these headings has not been fully 

 treated hitherto in forestry books, but is sure to assume 

 importance should any comprehensive system of forestry ever 

 be adopted in this country. 



SECTION II. SOURCES OF SUPPLY. 



" Speaking broadly," says Mr. Massie, " there are few 

 quarters of the globe from which seeds of some species of our 

 forest trees do not come, but it will suit our purpose to glance 

 shortly at those countries where the forest tree j seed trade 

 forms a not unimportant branch of commerce. Chief among 

 these -is Germany. The Germans not only collect tree seeds 

 in large quantities in their own extensive forests, but through 

 the enterprise of their merchants and their improved methods 

 of cleaning they draw to themselves large supplies in the rough 

 condition from other countries in Europe, such as Austria, 

 Norway and Sweden, etc., and become the distributors to the 

 rest of the world ; so that from Germany almost every variety 

 of forest tree seeds can be had Hamburg and Erfurt being 



