THE NEW FORESTRY. 183 



In proceeding to value a lot of standing timber the valuer 

 should provide himself with a pass book, a telescope measuring 

 rod, in five feet lengths, marked in feet and half feet, a wood- 

 man's measuring tape, and a Hoppus's timber measurer or 

 ready reckoner, which is in universal use, and almost the only 

 guide purchasers will accept, and near enough for all practical 

 purposes as long as both vendor and purchaser agree to its 

 use. As shown in accompanying example, on pages 184 and 

 185, the valuer's pass-book is ruled on the left-hand page 

 for " trees," by which is meant all trees in any lot containing 

 ten cubic feet and upwards ; all below that figure down to one 

 cubic foot being reckoned as " poles," which are entered on 

 the right-hand page in fives, as shown, their cubic contents 

 to be averaged and summed up afterwards. 



Provided thus, the valuer, with his assistants, beginning at 

 one side of the wood, should set out the lot in sections or 

 strips as directed in setting out thinnings in another chapter. 

 The trees and poles should all be marked on the same side 

 with white paint, the trees being numbered in consecutive 

 order and the poles dotted. Some use a scribe only, but 

 paint is better, being easily seen and not so easily tampered 

 with. The trees and poles should be taken as they come, 

 and those that are to be left need not be marked at all. Any 

 experienced woodman can distinguish the trees from the poles 

 at sight, and the valuer's assistants should mark those that he 

 points out to come down. 



Many of the hard-wood trees in our woods and parks 

 consist of a not very tall trunk and numerous limbs, all of 

 which should be estimated separately as " timber " down to six 

 inches quarter-girth, the smaller branches and top-wood being 

 reckoned as cord-wood. The telescope measuring rod may 

 be used to find the height of a tree, and the girth of the trunk 

 may be taken as high up as a man can reach, in order to ascer- 

 tain approximately what the girth half way up may be ; but 

 for that, and the length and girth of the upper limbs, the 

 valuer has to depend on his judgment and sight. All trees 

 are, generally, measured above the bark, except the oak, in 

 which an allowance at the rate of one inch in twelve of the 

 girth is made. Sometimes the bark is allowed for in larch, 

 but that depends on the agreement between the vendor and 

 the buyer. In the case of the oak the quantity of bark is 

 calculated, in standing timber, at the rate of a ton to every 

 one hundred and sixty to two hundred feet of timber, accor- 

 ding to its thickness, and the value is added to that of the 

 timber in the lot. 



