INTERNATIONAL DISCOVERIES 17 



to 1502. Not that State efforts were not made from time to 

 time to rediscover what was already discovered. But these 

 efforts were only half serious, or if wholly serious lay too far 

 afield to affect the destinies of Newfoundland. Moreover they 

 \vere concerned with discovery and adventure rather than with 

 colonization, and the time for colonization had arrived. But 

 the earliest efforts at colonization were unsuccessful, and were 

 inspired by imperfect ideas of what colonization really meant. 



AUTHORITIES 



The authorities for the first chapter are mainly Icelandic, Norse, 

 Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese. 



For the Icelandic voyages I accept the conclusions of Dr. Gustav 

 Storm, Studier over Vinlands Reiserne, Vinlands Geografi og Ethno- 

 grafi, Christiania, 1888. An English version of Dr. Storm's paper was 

 published by Kongeligt Nordisk Oldskrift- Selskab of Copenhagen under 

 the title of Studies on the Vineland Voyages, 1888. 



For Cabot I use the original letters of Pasqualigo, Raimondo, Puebla, 

 Ayala, Cantino, Contarini, &c., and the Papal Bulls in Reale Com- 

 missione Colombiana : Raccolta di Documenti e Studi, published at 

 Rome in 1892; Part III, vols. i and ii, and Part V, vol. ii, of which 

 contain the material documents. 



George P. Winship, Cabot Bibliography, 1900, which contains nearly 

 600 items. 



Henry Harrisse, Discovery of North America . . . including descrip- 

 tions of 250 maps or globes . . . constructed before 1536, Three Parts, 

 1892 ; Les Corte-Real et leurs Voyages au NoTiveau Monde, 1883. 



H. P. Biggar, Voyages of the Cabots and of the Cortereals to A T or(k 

 America and Greenland, 1903, is very ably argued, but I do not 

 accept his reconstruction of Cabot's voyages, although its possibility is 

 proven. 



R. Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, ed. 1904, vol. vii, pp. 133 et seq. 



S. Bentley, Excerpta Historica, 1831. 



E. do Canto, Os Corte-Reaes, 1883. 



The maps referred to include more especially Juan da Cosa's (i$oo), 

 the King (1502), Pilestrina (1504), Reinel (1505), Ruysch (1508), 

 Riccardiana and Viegas (1534), and Deslien (1541) maps. 



VOL. V. PT. IV 



