IMPERFECT COLONIZATION 19 



shapes and semblances, as it blended or refused to blend 



with the patriotic projects of the idealists. These three 



types of colonization will serve as clues to unravel the 



tangled skein of my second and third chapters ; but it must 



be remembered that, though they tended in different directions, 



they were hardly distinguishable in the earlier phases of their 



history. Perhaps a fourth type should be added, but this < (4) men 



fourth type was what naturalists call an aberrant type, and l ". . 1 15 ~ 



only comprised two colonizers, Rut and Hore, whose aims 



were indistinct, and who had no clear idea where they meant 



to go, or what they meant to do when they got there. 



In 1521 efforts were made by Henry VIII and Cardinal like Rut 



Wolsey to induce London and Bristol to make a State-aided an ^ Hore 



1527 



voyage 'into the Newfounde Island ; money was sub- 

 scribed l and probably the voyage of John Rut to 

 Chateau (?) Bay in Labrador, 2 where he found a wilderness 

 of mountain, wood, and moss, and to St. John's Haven, 

 where he found eleven Norman, one Breton, and two 

 Portuguese fishing-vessels, and two English trade-ships, was 

 the outcome of this agitation (i527). 3 Hore's 'voyage of 1536; 

 discovery' (1536) was undertaken by barristers and east- 

 country merchants, and ' by the King's favour '. One-fourth 

 of the crew were ' gentlemen ', as distinguished from sailors. 

 They sailed to Cape Breton, then to Penguin Island on the 

 south coast of Newfoundland, and to a Bay (somewhere west 

 of Fortune Bay) where they saw savages and white and black 

 bears, but were so starved, that one man killed his mate while 

 stooping to gather herbs, and broiled and ate his buttock. 

 Other men mysteriously disappeared, and the ghastly news 

 reached the captain, who exhorted his crew to repentance and 

 prayer, and 'such was the mercy of God' (the writer is 

 English, not French) 'that the same night there arrived 



1 H. Harrisse, Discovery of North America, p. 747. 

 a Lat. 52. 



8 Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, vol. viii, p. i ; Purchas, Pilgrims, 

 vol. xiv, p. 304. 



C 2 



