IMPERFECT COLONIZATION 33 



lives of the fishing school had urged, but they also uttered deeper than 

 distinctive notes of their own, none of which could have been f fl ffi nn * 

 uttered by mere advocates of distant fishing, and some of 

 which ring across the centuries with a strangely modern 

 sound. Thus pauperism and crime were indirectly 4 or 

 directly attributed to ' superabounding multitudes ', 16 ' super- 

 fluous numbers', 11 'general populousness ', 14 'overflowing 

 multitudes ', 1C and ' the o'erpeopled kingdom V 5 The people 

 swarmed ' as young bees in a hive in June ', and the 'mightier 

 thrust the weaker out ', 6 ' 14 so that colonization was like a fact 

 of natural history. England was ' full ' and must be ' dis- 

 burthened ', 10 ' 16 so that colonization was a social duty. Else- 

 where, ' Ireland was crying for colonists and the solitudes of 

 Virginia for inhabitants,' 13 and ' God did create land to the 

 end that it should by culture yield things necessary for man's 

 life '. 3 ' Transmigration ' ' by coloni ' who ' have need of a 



4. C. Carleill, Brief 'Discourse upon tJie intended voyage to the 

 hithermost parts of America, ib., p. 134, 1583. 



5. Sir W.Ralegh, Letters passim, in E. Edwards's Life of Ralegh, 

 2 vols., ob. 1618. 



6. W. Symonds, Sermon, cited in Edw. D. Xeill, English Coloniza- 

 tion of America, pp. 28-31, 1609. 



7. Capt. John Smith, Description of New England, in Dr. Arber, 

 English Scholars* Library, vol. xvi, 1616. 



8. Sir R. Whitbourne, Discourse and Discovery of Newfoundland, 

 1620. 



9. Short Discoiirse of the Newfound/ and, dedicated to Lord Falk- 

 land, 1623. 



10. Sir W. Alexander, Earl of Stirling, Encouragement to Colonies, 

 1624. 



n. Virginia's Verger, in Purchas, Pilgrims, vol. xix, p. 218, 1625. 



12. Sir R. Gordon, of Lochinvar, Encouragements for . . . Under- 

 takers . . . in Cape Briton, 1625. 



13. Lord Bacon, Essay on Plantations, 1625, and see S. R. 

 Gardiner, History of England, 1603-42, vol. i, p. 333 note. 



14. Sir W. Vatighan, Golden Fleece transplanted from Cambrioll 

 Colchos, by Orpheus junior, 1626. 



15. R. Hayman, Quodlibets lately come over from New Britaniola 

 Old Newfoundland, 1628. 



1 6. Rev. John White (?), Planters Plea, 1630. 



17. Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Letters passim. See Prince Society 

 Publications, Boston, U.S., 1890: Sir F. Gorges, 3 vols., ed. by 

 J. P. Baxter. 



YOU V. PT. IV 



