BEGINNINGS OF ENGLISH COLONIZATION 47 



Bristol once more sent forth Captain James as a counter- 

 blast to Captain Fox, whose expedition was equipped by 

 Londoners in the same year (1631). 



Colonization also fell into the hands of commercial thus the 



Companies, which showed a similar division of England into East-Eng- 



hsh Vir- 

 a south-eastern and a south-western half. In 1606 a double inia Com- 



Company was formed, the London branch of which was 



to go south, 

 occupy a southern settlement, and the Plymouth, Exeter, and and the 



Bristol branch of which was to occupy a northern settlement in , 



1 J hsh vir- 



North America, or what was then called 'Virginia.' The ginia Com- 



southern border of ' Virginia' was 34 N. lat., which was also P<y meant 

 to go north 



the southern border of the land which Verrazzano purported in 



to annex to France, and its northern border was originally Amenta, 

 45 N. lat. The settlements were to be coastal settlements 

 situated one hundred miles from one another, and extending 

 one hundred miles inland and one hundred miles out to sea. 1 

 This dualism was derived from Sir H. Gilbert's scheme for 

 a northern and southern settlement ; and it seemed as though 

 America were destined to reproduce English dualism, its 

 northern coasts being reserved for West-English, and its 

 southern. coasts for East-English settlers. 



Shortly before the Virginian patent was granted, but this 



Bartholomew Gosnold sailed from Falmouth at the expense fj anb>0 ^ e 



r down vefore 



of Sir W. Ralegh (1602), Martin Pring from Bristol at 1621, ,ad 

 the expense of Bristol merchants (1603), and George d " a ^ sm 

 Weymouth on behalf of the Papist Earl of Arundel (1605) multiplex; 

 who played a part towards the western branch of the 

 Company like that played by Sir G. Peckham towards Sir 

 H. Gilbert in order to prospect the projected northern 

 settlement, which was afterwards called New England. In 

 1607 a pure West-English colony was established at 

 Monhegan Island, off the coast of Maine, by Captain George 

 Popham, brother of Sir John Popham, a Somersetshire man, 

 and by Ralegh Gilbert, Sir Humphrey's youngest son. It 

 1 Purchas, Pilgrims, vol. xviii, p. 399. 



