BEGINNINGS OF ENGLISH COLONIZATION 51 



under their control. No part of Newfoundland was ever and pre- 

 annexed, occupied, garrisoned, or governed by France until pj> 

 the Restoration. The French colonization of Newfoundland Newfound- 

 began in 1662, or half a century after the permanent ' 

 colonization of Newfoundland by the English was an 

 accomplished act. 



The French motive in colonizing Newfoundland or its 

 south coast was officially described as ' fear of being forestalled 

 by the English ', l and Anglo-French rivalry was the French 

 as well as the British incentive to expansion. 



The colonial methods and aims of France were similar to French 

 those which actuated the best class of Spaniards after the J f n aS f 

 excitement of their first discoveries had worn off ; but French English 

 aims displayed a definiteness and lucidity characteristic of ? eas ' 

 their race. They held fast to Bodin and Sully, who taught 

 that men meant wealth and strength ; and, as in England, this 

 axiom was deemed inapplicable to bad Frenchmen. La 

 Roche, Roberval, and De Mons were authorized to take 

 ' vagrant idle persons and masterless ' and ' them that be 

 condemned to perpetual banishment or for three years out of 

 our realm ' 2 ; and Colbert told his first ' Intendant ' that the 

 King held it unwise to dispeople France in order to people 

 Canada, 3 all of which ideas became characteristic British ideas 

 in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. On the other 

 hand, the French differed from the English policy of that 

 period in three respects. First, Huguenots, although bad 

 Frenchmen in the eyes of men like Richelieu, were not 

 allowed to emigrate. Secondly, soldier settlers, although 

 good Frenchmen, were encouraged to emigrate for military 

 reasons ; thus De Mons was enjoined to ' establish garrisons 



1 Charlevoix, History of New France, transl. by J. G. Shea, vol. iii, 

 p. 147. 



2 Lescarbot, Histoire de la Nouvelle France, ed. 1866, p. 413; 

 Canada, Documents, 1883, vol. i, pp. 41-2; H. P. Biggar, Early 

 Trading Companies of A T ew France, 1901, p. 40. 



3 Canada, Documents, 1883, vol. i, p. 181. 



E 2 



