98 HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF NEWFOUNDLAND 



summon them together for common defence in case of actual 

 invasion'. 1 Moody, when commandant of St. John's, inter- 

 "^ preted these double negatives by appointing civilian com- 

 mandants at Carbonear and Bonavista, which, or islands near 

 which, were duly fortified. There were now three fortified 

 centres or war-camps to which the inhabitants could retire 

 in their hour of need, as Colonel Gibson had advised. 

 A chaplain With Colonel Gibson came as chaplain the Rev. John 

 "pat't'ied the Jackson, the first resident English minister of religion since 

 command- 1629. But the relations between Church and State were not 

 Church happy. The chaplain, who was salaried by the Society for 

 History the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, denounced 

 ifa"' the commandants, and more especially the lieutenants of the 

 commandants. One lieutenant, he said, had a ' hellish mind ', 

 and he urged the appointment of his own blameless son as 

 lieutenant in the place of the wicked one. Another lieu- 

 tenant's house was disreputable, and he urged that the 

 scandalous officer should be evicted, and that his irreproach- 

 able self, wife, and eleven children should be installed in the 

 empty, swept, and garnished premises. His accusations 

 might or might not be true, but the home authorities un- 

 charitably imputed them to interested motives, and pressed 

 for his dismissal, which he anticipated by resigning. The 

 army was the origin of the Church in Newfoundland ; and 

 we read in 1699 of disbanded soldiers turning settlers here, 

 as they did in other parts of the British Empire. 2 

 De Suber- After D'Iberville's raid, and the garrisoning of St. John 

 ^ Min's w ' 1 ^ soldiers, commandants, and chaplains, an interlude of 

 by land impotence ensued. Admiral Sir John Leake destroyed 

 Placentia French fishing-ships and rooms between Trepassey and 

 1705. St. Pierre (1702). Admiral Graydon, while on his way 

 to England from the West Indies, threatened Placentia (1703), 



1 Ca lendar of State Papers, Colonial Series > March 30, 1698. Comp. 

 Documents relatifs, &c., vol. i, p. 613 ; Br. Mns. MSS. 15492, fol. 2, 5. 



2 Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, May 24, 1699. 



