PROGRESS BY LAND, 1818 1910 175 



Anguille to St. George Bay consist of carboniferous limestone 

 and contain coal-measures ; and limestones, newer than those 

 of Conception Bay but older than those of Cape Anguille, 

 occur on the Humber Arm of the Bay of Islands, and these 

 and other rich materials are strewn over the western, and 

 even at times over the eastern, flank of the great range, 

 reappearing, for instance, on the singular flat which runs 

 north-east from Deer Lake and Grand Lake towards Hall 

 Bay. It should be added to this brief sketch that other thin 

 Laurentian strips run through Avalon Peninsula, and behind 

 Trinity and Bonavista Bays ; that Lower Silurian formations 

 dot the coasts of Bay D'Espoir in the south and Notre Dame 

 Bay in the north-east ; that granite, serpentine, and trap of 

 uncertain age intrude intermittently and from time to time, 

 but more especially on the Lower Silurian Strata, 1 and that 

 all these rocks point in the same prevailing direction. Even 

 on the west coast, which has the latest rocks, there is no rock 

 later than that which is classed in Europe as Primary, so that 

 the geological history of Newfoundland like that of Nova 

 Scotia stopped short in the earliest ages, and was even more 

 primitive than its political history. 



Being then the most modern and varied in its structure, it except e.g. 

 might be thought that St. George Bay and the Bay of Islands "outh-'west 

 and their neighbourhood would attract farmers; and in these where there 

 parts there has been a little spontaneous farming. Thus on ^gj^y" 1 ' 

 the Great and Little Codroy Rivers to the south of St. George times , 

 Bay, as on Cape Breton Island, Highland Gaels were cultivat- 

 ing the Highlands ; farmers' wives were spinning, weaving, 

 and knitting home-grown wool ; and wheat, oats and barley 

 were grown during the Forties, 2 so that the future may verify 



1 e. g. in the Lauzon subdivision of the Quebec division of the Lower 

 Silurian strata. 



2 Bonnycastle, op. cit., vol. i, p. 209 ; Captain Loch's Report, 

 Accounts and Papers, 1849, v l- * xx v, p. 493; No. 327 ; J. Canning's 

 Report, Accounts and Papers, 1857, v l- xv '> P- 5 T 9> No. 2201 ; 

 England, Church in the Colonies, Journals by Bishop Fcild, &c., No. 25, 

 1849, PP- 35-8; London, Royal Geographical Society s Journal, 

 vol. xxxiv, p. 269. 



