202 HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF NEWFOUNDLAND 



the first accurate statistics of the nineteenth century put the 

 average annual yield of Labrador cod in 1889-90 at 227,000 

 quintals. It seems as though history were repeating itself, 

 not only in its methods but in its results; and that the east 

 coast of Labrador to-day is a replica of the east coast of its 

 parent-colony two centuries ago. 



except for But the civilization of Labrador contains three elements 

 its Indians ... XT .. .. . .. 



and Es- which were never present in Newfoundland trading natives, 



kimos, Moravian missionaries, and the Hudsoni<6Bay Company. 

 The presence of the Moravians was due to Eskimo sealers 

 and whalers on the seashore. The Hudson Bay Company 

 used in former times to settle near some river-mouth and to 

 deal almost exclusively with inland Indians, whom they left 

 undisturbed in the interior, and to avoid if possible the 

 Eskimos ; but in the nineteenth century they abandoned their 

 conservatism, explored the interior themselves, and associated 

 more than they had been accustomed to associate with the 

 Eskimos. Both the Moravians and the Hudson Bay 

 Company were traders who aimed at a trade monopoly ; and 

 both dealt with, or worked through, native producers, which 

 the Newfoundlanders never did. 



with whom In the Thirties the southernmost Moravian settlement 

 'l/ayCom'- was sti11 at Hopedale, 1 a few miles north of Cape Webeck, 

 pany and and its northernmost had advanced a few miles beyond Okkak 

 dealt re- to Hebron 2 (1830). The Hudson Bay Company, hearing 

 spedively. that the Moravians intended a further advance into Ungava 

 Bay in Hudson Strait, sent Dr. Hendry from James Bay to 

 Richmond Gulf, and thence overland to Ungava Bay (1827), 

 where they built Fort Chimmo on Koksoak River, thirty miles 

 from its mouth, and from which they sent (1838-42) over- 

 land parties to a fort, which they had already built (1837) on 

 Hamilton Inlet near the Atlantic Coast. 3 They crossed 

 behind the backs of the Moravians from north to south, and 



1 Lai. 55 3'. 2 Lat. 58 ,2'. Lat. 54} c. 



