BAIT-FISH EXPANSION AND CONFLICT 217 



at St. John's sent a fishing-ship northward to Croc ; but the 

 ship was turned back even as Taverner's had been in I729. 1 

 Since 1830 Englishmen took the second place, and French- 

 men the first place in the north-east. And the disparity was 

 enhanced by the annual presence of French cruisers in 

 Croc. 



In 1839 and onwards English cruisers patrolled the Treaty inandafter 

 shore of Newfoundland for the same reason as they still visit 1839 .5nV- 

 Patagonia from time to time in order to look after the waifs French 



and strays of our Colonial Empire. Ever since 1830 the c >' mscrs 

 . . patrolled 



visits of one cruiser, or in later times of two cruisers, along the the Treaty 



western coast have been annual, and, when steam was sjlor * co "- 



t rolling 

 introduced, Captain Cook's Port Saunders in Ingornachoix their 



Bay was the coaling de'pot. In 1848, while one English nationa [ s , 



Croc being 

 cruiser was employed, the French had two cruisers between an impor- 



St. Pierre and Port-au-Choix, two at Croc, one between tantl " rencl1 



base, 

 Croc and Port-au-Choix and one between Croc and Cape 



St. John, which was the southern limit of the Treaty shore 

 on the east coast. Croc was not only a fishing resort but 

 a great French naval centre in the summer. It is not 

 possible to exaggerate the serious position of affairs when 

 English and French fleets met one another year after year, and 

 claimed to exercise jurisdiction in the territorial waters and 

 on the coasts of a thinly-peopled English colony. Moreover, 

 irresponsible but serious disputants urged that the French 

 claim was contrary to Treaties which made England sovereign 

 over the entire island, and one of the provisions of the same 

 Treaties was strained, to say the least, by English colonists. 

 The Treaty of Paris, 1814, article 13, 'replaced' the 

 French rights of fishery < upon the footing in which it stood in the French 

 1792 ', in other words incorporated the Treaty of Versailles a " d . t l ie , 

 (1783) and the Declaration of Versailles (1783). The straining 



Treaty of Versailles defined the Treaty shore as extending *%*&. 



' obligations, 



from Cape Ray to Cape St. John, where the French were 

 1 Ante, p. 131-2. 



