812 Manual of Veterinary Microbiology. 



and of a yellow tinge which may become yellowish- 

 red when conjunctivitis supervenes. 



The fever of invasion is followed by diverse local- 

 izations ; generally the digestive symptoms predomi- 

 nate; the tongue is dry and more or less thickly 

 coated, and symptoms of gastro-enteritis quickly 

 appear. When the lungs become affected this com- 

 plication occurs always several days after the begin- 

 ning of the disease. The changes in this organ also 

 differ absolutely from those which characterize in- 

 fectious pneumonia. Typhoid fever predisposes to 

 passive congestions; hence the lung becomes cedem- 

 atous rather than hepatized and tubular breathing 

 over the affected region is never heard, as in the case 

 of pneumonia. This tendency to venous hypersemia 

 shows itself in the limbs by oedematous engorge- 

 ments. 



All attempts to transmit the typhoid disease have 

 been ineffective; the horse, ass, dog, and rabbit failed 

 to contract the disease by the different methods of 

 inoculation in common use. Equine typhoid, how- 

 ever, conducts itself like a contagious disease ; unlike 

 contagious pneumonia it is polymorphic, showing 

 itself sometimes as an enteritis, sometimes as a cardi- 

 tis, and sometimes as a disease of the lungs, etc., 

 whilst in a stable in which pneumonia prevails, all 

 the affected horses show the latter lesion from the 

 first. 



The formerly mooted question as to the identity of 

 equine and human typhoid fever is now settled ; 

 Eberth's bacillus does not occur in the equine disease 

 and its inoculation to the horse remains without 

 effect. 



