42 Anthrax 



the deep muscles of the shoulder of % to ^Mi grains of veratrine for 

 each 1200 pounds live weight. The first dose is to be % grain and 

 to be increased 1-6 of a grain each dose. Make 1 injection daily after 

 4 to 5 days omit 1 dose and begin again. Never give over 11/^ grai*ns 

 per 1200 pounds live weight. Exercise the horse after the injection. 



There will probably be uneasiness after the injection unless the 

 horse is exercised. When too much is given the horse sweats profusely, 

 runs saliva, may have spasms and try to vomit. However if directions 

 are followed, such results should not occur. 



If such symptoms develop give stimulants as 1 ounce (2 tablespoons- 

 ful) of 10 per cent solution of Ammonia in iy2 quarts of water or 4 to 5 

 pints of coffee. However if mild symptoms develop do not increase the 

 following dose. 



ANTHRAX 



(Charbon) ^ (Carbuncles), {Woolso^ters Disease), etc. 



General Discussion and Causes 



This disease has been known to effect all domestic animals and 

 fowls as well as man. Men working with hides coming from anthrax 

 districts often take the carbuncle form. This is one of the oldest of 

 diseases. Moses probably had reference to this disease in Exodus IX 

 3-10. Greek writers have made frequent reference to this disease. Out- 

 breaks of anthrax have been officially reported in most of the live stock 

 producing states but it is more frequent in the Northern states and the 

 overflow lands of the lower Mississippi. 



Anthrax bacilli prefer low loose soil containing an abundance of 

 decaying vegetable matter. This disease usually occurs during the hot 

 summer months especially if a drouth is being broken by an excess of 

 rain. The heat of the summer is not only favorable to development of 

 anthrax bacilli but the disease germs have been found in the bodies of 

 earth-worms. The rains would naturally bring the worms to the surface, 

 immediately after a drought the pastures are short and more earth con- 

 taining the bacilli is taken in with the food of the horse, hence it is more 

 frequent after a rain following a dry hot summer. 



Outside of the animal body the germs form a tough membrane a- 

 round themselves and are then known as spores. When this body mem- 

 brane is formed the germs have more power to resist disinfectants, water. 



