300 MERISTIC VARIATION. [part I. 



situation of the eye-spot. On the hind wings the eye-spots are entirely 

 obliterated and their place is taken by an ill-defined patch of pale 

 colour. Newman, Ent., 1872, \\ 105, Fig. 



452. Similar specimen described by Goossexs, Bull. Ent. Soc. France, 

 S. 5, v. p. cxlix. 



453 Similar specimen in Lord Walsingham's collection in Brit. Mus. 



Here the blue and black of the eye-spots of the hind wing are altogether 

 absent. The black internal border of the spot is broader than usual, 

 and the place of the spot is lightish in colour. In the spot of the fore 

 wing the blue is deficient, the yellow is largely absent, but the white 

 spots are emphasized. 

 *454. Specimen in which the eye-spots on the hind wings are obliterated, 

 as in the foregoing : those of the fore wings are also similarly modified, 

 but the white spots of the marginal series are enlarged to a much 

 greater extent. Also another specimen in which the eye-spots were 

 partially deficient. These two specimens were from one brood reared 

 in Germany: of this brood none were typical, and several resembled 

 the specimens described. South, P., Ent., 1889, xxn. p. 218, PI. 



455 Specimen figured in which the eye-spots are symmetrically absent 



from both posterior wings. In this case both the greyish yellow 

 bordering of the eye-spots and the blue marks generally contained 

 within them are entirely absent. The ground-colour of the hind wings 

 is greyish brown, and upon this two black marks are placed in the 

 situation of the normal eye-spot and a series of small black lines occurs 

 round the margins of the hind wings. The eye-spots of the anterior 

 wings are modified in a peculiar manner which is not easily described. 

 Mosley, S. L., Varieties of Brit. Lepicl, Pt. m. PI. 2, Fig. 3. 



456. Junonia clelia. Cram. In this species there are normally two ocelli in each 

 fore wing and a similar pair in each hind wing (Trimex, S. Afr. Butterflies, i. p. 

 214). In a series of nine specimens in the Cambridge University Museum very 

 great variations in the size of the ocelli appear. The posterior ocellus of each wing 

 is more constant in size than the anterior. One specimen wants altogether the 

 anterior ocellus of the hind wings, which in most specimens has a diameter of about 

 2*5 mm. In several the anterior ocellus of the fore wings is hardly visible. 



457- Junonia coenia : the degree to which the two eye-spots of each wing are de- 

 veloped varies greatly. In a Californian specimen in Godman and Salvin's collection 

 the spots are all very large, while in a Granada specimen they are almost entirely 

 obliterated. Of four specimens in the same collection from the United States of 

 Colombia (but not from the same locality), one has scarcely a trace of the anterior 

 eye-spot of the fore wing, the second eye being very faint. In the hind wing the 

 anterior eye-spot is very faint and the posterior is absent. 



The two following cases are important from the fact that in 

 each of them there is said to have been abnormality in neuration. 



*458. Pararge megaera ^ (the Wall Butterfly) : specimen in 

 which the second nervure of the median vein is wanting in eacit 

 of the four wings. In the anterior wings the place which should 

 be crossed by this nervure is occupied by an extra ocellus (Fig. 83), 

 which is nearly as large as the normal large ocellus of the wing. 

 The normal ocellus itself is incompletely doubled. In the hind 

 wings, the two ocelli (2nd and 3rd), which in the normal insect 

 are separated by the missing nervure, are elongated towards each 



