

ARITHMETIC. 



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JlVrITHMETIC is the art of computing by numbers, 

 and has five principal or fundamental rules for its opera- 

 tions ; viz. Notation, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplica** 

 jion, and Division. 



NOTx\TION.* 



Notation teacheth how to express any proposed number, 

 cither by words or characters. 



'* As It is absolutely necessary to have a perfect knowledge of 

 our excellent method of notation, in order to understand the 

 reasoning made use of in the following notes, I shall endeavour 

 to explain it in as clear and concise a manner as possible. 



First, then, it may be observed, that the characters, by which 

 all numbers are expressed, are these ten ; o, i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 

 8, 9 ; o is called a cypher, and the rest, or rather all of them, are 

 called figures or digits. The names nnd signification of these 

 characters, and the origin or generation of the nutnbers they stand 

 for, are as follow : o nothing ; i dlie, or a single thing called an 

 unit; i-|-i=:2 tv/o ; 2+1^=3 three; 3 + 1=4 four; 44-1=5 

 five; 5-f| = 6six; 6+1 = 7 feven J 7 -f- 1 = 8 eight ; 8 + 1 = 9 

 rine ; and 9+i=ten; v/hich ha? no single characler ; and thus 

 ^y the continual addition of one, all numbers are generated. 



?. Beside 



