WATER AND WATERFRONTS 175 



may never be fulfilled. We need to use much more widely and 

 effectively the concept of the "scenic easement" that Stewart Udall 

 has invoked along the Potomac. 



Third, about stretching the shorelines. Riverbanks and bay shores 

 near cities, indeed all the shorelines along our seacoasts and lakes, 

 are one of our most precious assets, for they are almost one dimen- 

 sional, only a narrow line or strip, rather than a broad area. To 

 make room for our growing population to enjoy these narrow spaces, 

 we need to stretch our shorelines by wrinkling them. We can do 

 this by building bays, bars, islands, and peninsulas along the shores. 

 The city of Chicago is doing an exciting job of this kind on its Lake 

 Michigan shoreline, and it is also beginning to take the Chicago River 

 seriously as a priceless civic asset. 



Fourth, the problem of multiple jurisdictions. In San Francisco 

 Bay, it is almost impossible to develop and carry through a plan for 

 the optimum human use of the Bay because of the problem of con- 

 flicting, overlapping, and multiple public jurisdiction. No town, 

 city, or district has sufficient control to do anything really satisfactory 

 in restoring and building the beauty of the Bay. Each little juris- 

 diction is anxious to expand its taxable area by filling in its share of 

 the Bay front, and to reduce its costs of waste disposal by using the 

 Bay as a convenient dumping ground. 



What is needed is a single San Francisco Bay authority charged 

 with planning and carrying through development of the Bay as 

 one of the great human assets of the United States. Here I suggest 

 the Federal Government could help by using the carrot of Federal 

 grants and the stick or threat of Federal control to encourage the 

 establishment of such a unified activity. It is easy to say that San 

 Francisco Bay is a local California problem, but, in fact, San Fran- 

 cisco Bay is a priceless asset for all Americans, in some sense the 

 symbol of our country, and its development must be the concern of 

 all Americans. 



Dr. J. HAROLD SEVERAID. The city of Sacramento and the State 

 of California have cooperatively developed a redevelopment plan 

 for Old Sacramento which includes a complete renovation of the 

 city's waterfront into a beautiful aquatic park. Its published plan 

 is available from the Sacramento Redevelopment Agency. It may 

 well serve as one of the demonstration programs Mr. Dworsky called 

 for. This project will also involve the historical restoration noted 

 by Mr. Tunnard. 



