THE DESIGN OF THE HIGHWAY 193 



where the car would hit the slope first and the tree later. There we 

 can bring the trees closer in and we could do the same on the down- 

 ward sides which are protected by guardrails. Thus vegetation can 

 be moved virtually up to the edge of the shoulder and give us a 

 passage through the trees rather than through an open desert. 



Mr. SARGENT. I would like to ask Mr. Ryan a question. You 

 and I were talking last night about parkways and the fact that many 

 of the parkways built over the years, and sections of our interstate 

 system, have been constructed with your curvilinear alignment. I 

 wonder if you feel that this principle could be used on many or per- 

 haps even all of our highways, and do you think of examples of this 

 being used well that may be useful to discuss? 



Mr. RYAN. Now that we have the example of what you can do 

 with curvilinear alignment, I cannot understand the resistance to 

 using it on a much larger scale. Probably I am getting into deep 

 water, but if it is successful on one section of the interstate in any 

 one State, it should be successful everywhere. I would think that 

 the use of it on the interstate and primary and even on the secondary 

 highways is a basic decision to be made by the chief highway ad- 

 ministrator and I suppose this decision would have to be made in 

 light of why we are here. It would logically have to be made by 

 the chief administrator and in the full knowledge of the great inter- 

 est in the appearance of our highways. 



Mr. BUCHANAN. I was very interested in the suggestion Mr. 

 Halprin made about integrating urban freeways with the structure 

 of the city. He said they should not be just a corridor through it. He 

 went on to say that they should pass through buildings, have shops 

 built into them on the structures, such as restaurants, parking 

 garages, and the like. This opens up the very intriguing idea that 

 you could sit in restaurants, watch the cars swooshing past from the 

 other side of a glass wall. This is indeed a very intriguing idea and 

 obviously a way of saving space. But, Mr. Halprin, would this not 

 pose very formidable problems with real estate people, developers, 

 property owners? How can we do this unless they really revolution- 

 ize their attitudes? 



Mr. HALPRIN. First, I think there are two questions there. One 

 is : Is it a good idea to do, and second of all, could it be accomplished? 



I don't know how many of you have seen some of the things 

 that I am thinking of, which have in fact been done on a rather 



