SCIENCE UNDER NAPOLEON n 



ments, and reports to be paid from appropriations which may 

 be made for the purpose ; but the Academy shall receive no 

 compensation whatever for any services to the Government of 

 the United States." 



As the adviser of the Government on questions of science, the 

 Academy was immediately called upon by the War and Navy 

 Departments to report on various problems connected with the 

 war. Among these reports the following may be mentioned : 



On the Protection of Bottoms of Iron Vessels from Corro- 

 sion. 



On the Adjustment of Compasses to Correct Magnetic De- 

 viation in Iron Ships. 



On Wind and Current Charts and Sailing Directions. 



On the Explosion on the United States steamer Chenango. 



On Experiments on the Expansion of Steam. 



On the Preservation of Paint on Army Knapsacks. 



In addition to such formal reports from special committees, 

 many members of the Academy contributed individually to the 

 study of war problems. Thus we find in the early records 

 the titles of such papers as the following: 



F. A. P. Barnard : On the force of fired gun-powder and 

 the pressure to which heavy guns are actually subjected in 

 firing. 



Joseph Henry : On materials for combustion of lamps in 

 lighthouses. 



J. E. Hilgard : On a chronograph for measuring the velocity 

 of projectiles. 



J. E. Hilgard: Note on the changes that have taken place 

 in the bar of Charleston Harbor since the sinking of obstruc- 

 tions in the main channel. 



B. A. Gould: Various papers on the stature, proportions, 

 ages, and vision of American soldiers. 



W. H. C. Bartlett : On rifled guns. 



Most of the work of the members on war problems was, of 

 course, not embodied in published papers, though it formed an 

 important part of the activities of the Government. 



