THE CHEMICAL WARFARE SERVICE 151 



members of the Chemical Warfare Service (see the "Journal 

 of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry" for 1919 as space 

 does not permit its repetition here). 



The Gas Service. The arrival of our army in France and 

 a study of conditions first hand soon revealed to General 

 Pershing that it was absolutely necessary to have a laboratory 

 on the field. To meet this need the Gas Service, A. E. F., was 

 organized with Colonel (later Brigadier General) Amos A. 

 Fries as Chief and with Colonel Raymond T. Bacon as Chief 

 of the Technical Division. Although this service was organized 

 in September, 1917, it was not until January, 1918, that the first 

 laboratory unit sailed. This grew into a very important organ- 

 ization with a defense, offense, technical and field division, and 

 carried on very important laboratory and field investigations. 



Meanwhile at home the research, development and manu- 

 facturing sections of the Chemical Warfare work grew by 

 leaps and bounds and in order to care for all the needs of our 

 rapidly expanding army, many branches of the Service became 

 involved in the schedule of production. -The result of this 

 necessarily led to some confusion and there were constantly 

 growing demands for coordination. 



The Chemical Warfare Service. The result of these de- 

 mands led to the organization in July, 1918, of the Chemical 

 Warfare Service, with Major General Sibert as Chief. All 

 the units of the army engaged in the development or production 

 of chemical warfare materials were assembled into this new 

 organization. It was finally composed of the following divi- 

 sions : Headquarters, Research, Gas Offense, Gas Defense, 

 Development, Proving, European (A. E. F.), Medical. Each 

 of these was under a competent chief, reporting to and respon- 

 sible to General Sibert. Out of almost chaos came order. The 

 work was coordinated and harmonized, each Division perform- 

 ing its own duties and working with the other Divisions in a 

 wonderful way. Because of the signing of the Armistice, 

 the Service was unable to show its full power of accomplish- 

 ments. Some of its achievements will be discussed below, and 



