212 THE NEW WORLD OF SCIENCE 



5. For Geological work in forward areas and on lines of com- 

 munication, the formation that demands the work must provide 

 labor and transport, and arrange for the rationing and billeting. 



6. The duty of the Geologist is immediate assistance to the 

 troops in cases where the structure of the ground and its water 

 bearing qualities are a consideration. Geological advice is of 

 special importance with reference to the following problems: 



/. Construction of positions. 



The assistance of a Geologist at the first reconnaissance of the 

 country, before the lines are finally fixed, has proved of special 

 value. See regulations for Trench Warfare, for all arms of the 

 Service, i.b. Cipher 2, and Part II, Directions for the laying out 

 of trenches, tunnelled dugouts, dugouts, etc. 



(a). In case where several points are of the same tactical value, 

 by choosing such as require the minimum expenditure of labour, 

 time and material, and are not likely to involve landslides or 

 inflow of water. 



(b). The prediction in the case of lines already dug, as to what 

 difficulties are likely to occur arising out of the hardness of the 

 strata, and their water-bearing qualities. 



(c). Information as to tracts in which dry dugouts are definitely 

 impossible, or whether there is any prospect of draining them by 

 natural means, as by drainage sumps. 



(d). Testing the possibility of putting in dry tunnelled dugouts 

 under the water-bearing strata. 



(e). Advice on subways and galleries. Information as to ),vhich 

 strata are the easiest to work, whether there is risk of landslide 

 or inflow of water, the possibility of tunneling under water 

 channels. j 



(f). A preliminary investigation with a view to the use of boring 

 machines in mines warfare. Selection of favorable and exclusion 

 of unfavorable strata. 



(g). Information as to the best dugouts for listening posts and 

 so forth. 



(h). Opinion as to the stability of existing "subterraneans" 

 (caves and quarries.) j( 



(i). Inundations and drainage of areas. 



