, 



CONTRIBUTIONS OF GEOLOGY 213 



. Water Supply. 



(a). Improvement of existing wells and selection of sites for 

 new ones. 



(b). Making good defects in existing springs, and the opening 

 up of new ones. 



(c). Information as to places especially suited for driving wells 

 (wells made by percussion, Abyssinian wells.) 



(d). The development of deep-seated water basins by deep bores. 



(e). The ensuring of water supply for the defensive battle. 



(f). Advice on construction of water conduits, the water supply 

 of towns and camps, and of industrial and commercial establish- 

 ments. 



///. Winning of Raw Material. 



(a). For immediate use in the field. The providing of gravel, 

 sand, loam, clay, building stone, material for cement and plaster, 

 road metal, railway ballast and peat, as near as possible to the 

 places where they are to be used. The marking out of stone quar- 

 ries, estimate of quantities, information about the stratification 

 and best way of working. 



(b). Providing of raw materials for supplying the needs of the 

 army. One of the first considerations is the supply, for example, 

 of pyrites, phosphates, copper, and, in the Balkan peninsula, of 

 coal also, for the Directors of Military Railways. 



(c). Records of the existence in more distant industrial fields of 

 material available for meeting the requirements of munition and 

 ordnance factories (new occurrences), abandoned mines, and their 

 ancient mine and slag dumps. 



Of chief importance are ores, rock-oil, coal, asphalt and other 

 materials useful in the economies of war. 



IV. Hygienic and Technical Problems. 



(a). Advice on the location of sumps for drainage, cesspits, 

 drainage in general, disinfecting and germicidal establishments 

 and cemeteries from the point of view of risk of contamination 

 of sources of water supply. 



(b). The defining of drainage areas with a view to the protection 

 of wells and springs, having due regard to the nature of the 

 ground. 



