326 THE NEW WORLD OF SCIENCE 



end, have succeeded in correcting most frightful and repulsive 

 disfigurations and deformities of the face and jaws into the 

 lineaments of quite presentable human beings. Whole jaws 

 and sections of the bony structure of jaws and face are built 

 up prosthetically, contours are rounded out, scars excised, and 

 tissue and skin from other suitable portions of the body are 

 transplanted and grafted to fill in the soft tissues which have 

 been burned or blown away. New eyelids, new eyebrows, new 

 noses, new mouths and lips, new chins, new ears and cheeks 

 are successfully made, restoring the contour of the face to as 

 near a likeness to the original as can be obtained. This work 

 requires infinite patience, optimism, and a steadfastness against 

 discouragement, often many operations, but the results have 

 been nothing less than marvelous in cases one would judge 

 utterly hopeless of any possible benefit. Each case requires 

 careful and individual study, and the procedure to be attempted 

 should be fully worked out and determined, and accurate pat- 

 terns of flaps, etc., made before operation is begun. 



A weak solution of sodium citrate mixed with blood will 

 prevent its clotting. Based upon this fact, a simple method of 

 blood transfusion with simple apparatus has been perfected to 

 replace at least a portion of the blood lost from hemorrhage. 

 The technic is so simple, the apparatus required for its use so 

 simple, that it can be done far forward and by surgeons of only 

 ordinary ability, so that new blood can be supplied to one who 

 needs it at a time when it will have the best effect, shortly after 

 the original loss of the blood. Proctoclyisis, or the slow intro- 

 duction of normal saline solution into the rectum, to aid the 

 system in the making of its own blood and to help combat shock, 

 maintains its place of importance and value. 



The recent war has resulted in extending the surgeon's 

 interest to the field of reconstruction and reeducation, which 

 in a way, properly falls under after-treatment of surgical con- 

 ditions. The surgeon's advice and supervision in reeducating 

 the maimed and crippled is naturally of high value, based 

 upon his study of and knowledge of anatomy. He can best 



