84 MODERN BLACKSMITHING 



A furnace for tire heating comes handy in cities 

 where there is no chance for making a fire outside, but 

 every smith that has room for a fire outside will do 

 better to heat the tire that way. Don't build a tire- 

 heating furnace in the shop if wood is to be used for 

 fuel, because the heat and smoke will turn in your 

 face as soon as the doors of the furnace are opened. 



WELDING AXLES 



When a worn buggy axle is to be stubbed, proceed 

 as follows: First, measure the length of the old axle. 

 For this purpose take a quarter inch rod of iron, bend 

 a square bend about an inch long on one end. With 

 this rod measure from the end of the bearing, that is, 

 let the hook of your rod catch against the shoulder at 

 the end where the thread begins, not against the 

 collars, for they are worn, nor should you measure 

 from the end of the axle, for the threaded part is not 

 of the same length. Now place your stub on the end 

 of the axle and mark it where you want to cut it off. 

 Cut the axle one-fourth inch longer than it should be 

 when finished. Next heat the ends to be welded and 

 upset them so that they are considerably thicker over 

 the weld; lap the ends like No. i. Figure 6, weld and 

 use sand, but if the ends should not be welded very 

 well then use borax. These stubs are made of soft 

 steel, and will stand a higher heat than tool steel, but 

 remember it is steel. If the ends have been upset 

 enough they will have stock enough to draw down on, 



