MODERN BLACKSMITHING 1 17 



turn and cause a breakdown. But a shallow slot can 

 be cut in the rim to receive and hold the cog, and then 

 a bolt shank will hold it in place, whether the shank is 

 round or square. 



HOW TO RESTORE OVERHEATED STEEL 



H steel has been burnt the best thing to do is to 

 throw it in the scraps; but if overheated it can be 

 improved. Heat to a low red heat, and hammer 

 lightly and cool off in salt water, while yet hot enough 

 to be of a brown color. Repeat this a half a dozen 

 times, and the steel will be greatly bettered. Of 

 course, this is only in cases when a tool or something 

 like it has been overheated which cannot be thrown 

 away without loss. By this simple method I have 

 restored tools overheated by ignorant smiths, and in 

 some cases the owner would declare that it was "bet- 

 ter than ever." 



HOW TO DRESS AND HARDEN STONE 



HAMMERS 



Care must be taken in heating stone hammers not to 

 overheat them. Dress the hammer so that the edges 

 are a little higher than the center, thus making a slight 

 curve. A hammer dressed this way will cut better 

 and stay sharp longer than if the face is level. Dress 

 both ends before hardening, then harden face end 

 first. Heat to a red heat, and cool off in cold water 



