MODERN BLACKSMITHING 183 



pound of cast-iron filings or borings. Mix these well 

 in a mortar, but keep the mortar dry. When the 

 cement is wanted, take one part of this and twenty 

 parts of clean iron borings, grind together in a mortar. 

 Mix water to make a dough of proper consistence and 

 apply between the cracks. This will be useful for 

 flanges or joints of pipes and doors of steam engines. 



HOW TO RUN A TURNING LATHE 



(By a student of James College of Mechanic Arts, at 

 Ames, Iowa.) 



Lathes, when first invented, were very rude affairs, 

 but they, like all other machinery, have experienced 

 improvem.ent from year to year until now some of them 

 are more complicated than a watch, and for that 

 reason should receive the best of care. They should 

 be kept clean and well oiled. While being used the 

 dust and shavings should be cleaned off at least every 

 night, and every half day is better. 



When they are kept in a dusty place, as is very often 

 the case in a general repair shop, they should be kept 

 covered while not in use. Some cheap canvas makes 

 a good cover. 



Every person who intends running a lathe should 

 first become acquainted with his machine; become 

 familiar with all the combinations that can be made, so 

 that when a piece of work comes in to be done he will 

 know just how to arrange the lathe to do that work. 

 For instance, a piece of work needs to be turned taper- 



