360 MODERN FARPwIER. 



oxen would most conveniently stand around with 

 their tails toward the wall, contrary to the usual 

 practice, for the more easy throwing out the dung 

 from a gangv.ay, through apertures purposely made 

 in tiie wall, into a pit, under cover, sunk around the 

 builfting. The area within would, of course, be for 

 feeding, and every necessary purpose of attendance. 

 A store chamber above completes the building, the 

 chief objection to the form of which is, the greater 

 expence attendant upon the reversed position of the 

 cattle, which is perhaps compensated by the great 

 saving of labour, in the more easily getting rid of 

 the dung. The gangway will in course, be suffi- 

 ciently wide to admit the beasts to and from their 

 stalls ; the dung aperture in the wall may be closed 

 in cold weather. 



36. Utility of tying Cattle. 



It is of material importance in the wintering of 

 young stock, to keep them more warm, and shelter- 

 ed from wet, than is usually done, as by this means 

 they thrive faster, Math a less consumption of food, 

 than in the contrary circumstances. This may be 

 effected, either by tying them up in stalls, in houses 

 for the purpose, or by keeping them in good sheds 

 in well inclosed yards. 



The question of feeding the cattle tied up, or 

 loose in the yards, in winter, has not been yet de- 

 cided. Each method has probably advantages. In 

 the first, the cattle thrive better than when left at 

 liberty to run about the yards. Mr. Marshall found 

 that in Yorkshire, cattle kept tied up, and regularly 

 fed with straw in a moderate proportion, did better 

 than in the southern parts of the island, where left 

 loose in the midst of greater plenty. Whether this 

 effect is to be ascribed to the greater warmth, the 

 resting better, or the being fed more regularly, and 

 eating with an appetite^ he cannot determine. Some 



