S64 MODERN FARRIEE. 



very apt to do, the chains at the stakes are contrived 

 of such a length, that no ox can raise his head too 

 high when eating ; for in this way, it is observed, 

 cattle are generaly choaked. However, in case it 

 still should happen that an ox choaks on a turnip, 

 the cattle man or feeder is provided with a ramrod, 

 made of a piece of strong stiff rope, with a small 

 round polished wooden head at the end of it ; this 

 he introduces into the mouth of the ox, and so gen- 

 tly knocks the turnips down his throat, without 

 either difficulty or danger to the animal. That the 

 cattle-feeder may he always at hand to attend his 

 cattle, a small apartment with a window in it, in 

 which his bed is placed, is constructed immediately 

 off the corner of the byre, so that he is ready, even 

 in the night-time, in case of any accident happening, 

 to give assistance. 



At the distance of about six feet eight inches 

 from the feeding troughs, and parallel to them, is 

 the dui}g groop and urine gutter, neatly and sub- 

 stantially built with hewn stone. Here too, like 

 the troughs, there is a gi'adual declivity from the 

 inner and upper to the outer and lowest end ; so 

 that the moment the urine passes from the cattle, it 

 runs to the lowest end of the gutter, whence it is 

 ^conveyed through the outer w^all of the byre in a 

 large stone spout, and deposited in the urinarium 

 outside of the wall. At this place is a large inclosed 

 space, occupied as a compost dung-court. Here all 

 sorts of stuff are collected for increasing the manure, 

 such as fat earth, cleanings of roads, ditches, ponds, 

 &c., rotten vegetables, &c. ; and the urine from the 

 byre being caused to run over all those collected to- 

 gether, which is done very easily by a couple of 

 wooden spouts moved brckwards and forwards to 

 the urinarium at pleasure, renders the whole mass, 

 in a short time, a rich compost dunghill ; and this is 

 done by the urine alone, which in general is totally 

 lost. The dung of the byre again is cleaned out 



