MODERN FARRIER. ,371 



tlier be so good nor so white. By this mode of 

 treatment calves are kept clean, quiet, warm, and 

 dry ; the veal they furnish is excellent, and they are 

 soon ready for the market ; and, on the whole, it 

 seems to be preferable to the practice of stupifying 

 them with spirits, or with laudanum, so common in 

 other places where a different system is pursued. 



It will now be proper to make some observations 

 on the different breeds of cattle, and to point out 

 the best and most approved form of a bull proper 

 for breedino; from. 



'& 



39. The Bull. 



The head of the bull should be rather long, and 

 muzzle fine ; his eyes lively and prominent ; his 

 ears long and thin ; his horns white : his neck rising 

 with a gentle curve from the shoulders, and small 

 and fine v/here it joins the head ; his shoulders mo- 

 derately broad at the top, joining full to his chine 

 and chest backwards, and to the neck-vein forwards ; 

 his bosom open ; breast broad, and projecting well 

 before his legs ; his arms or fore-thighs muscular, 

 and tapering to his knee ; his legs straight, clean, 

 and very fine boned ; his chine and chest so full as 

 to leave no hollows behind the shoulders ; the plates 

 strong, to keep his belly from sinking below the 

 level of his breast ; his back or loin broad, straight, 

 and flat ; his ribs rising one above another, in such 

 a manner that the last rib shall be rather the high- 

 est, leaving only a small space to the hips or hooks, 

 the Vv'hole forming a round or barrel-like carcase ; 

 his hips should be wide placed, round or globular, 

 and a little higher than the back ; the quarters (from 

 the hip to the rump) long, and instead of being- 

 square, as recommended by some, they should taper 

 gradually from the hips backv/ard, and the turls or 

 pott-bones not in the least protuberant ; rumps close 

 to the tail ; the tail broad, well haired, and set on so 



